موزه های مجازی و بافته ها (مطالعه موردی: نقش موزه های مجازی در ارتقاء شیوه های حفاظت و مرمت بافته ها)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

پژوهشکده مردم شناسی پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی.

چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به منظور دستیابی به راهبردهای ارتقاء شیوه های حفاظت و مرمت بافته ها در موزه ها و مجموعه های حقیقی به نقش و تاثیر موزه های مجازی پرداخته است. بخش مهمی از موزه های حقیقی و مجموعه های شخصی به بافته اختصاص دارد. منسوجات در برابر عوامل آسیب رسان در موزه ها و مجموعه های حقیقی (مانند شرایط محیطی، عوامل بیولوژیکی، مکانیسم های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و شیوه های نگهداری) بسیار حساس هستند. خارج کردن آنها از مخازن، برپا کردن نمایشگاه ها، تشکیل کارگاه ها و کلاس های آموزشی که بافته ها را به طور مستقیم در معرض شرایط گوناگون قرار می دهند، بخشی از خطرات و تهدیدهای احتمالی برای منسوجات هستند. تخریب گرایی (وندالیسم) هنری، شیوع بیماری ها و اعمال قرنطینه (مانند همه گیری کرونا)، حوادث طبیعی، جنگ ها و از این قبیل می توانند باعث تعطیلی یا تخریب موزه ها و موجودی آثار تاریخی- فرهنگی گردند.
موزه ها و مجموعه های حقیقی برای به نمایش گذاردن موجودی بافته ها، با محدودیت فضا و امکانات روبرو هستند.گاهی دوری راه و مشکلات سفر، بازدید از دیگر مجموعه های بافته‌ها را به تعویق انداخته و یا ناممکن می سازد در نتیجه، بسیاری از نمونه ها در انبارها مغفول مانده و آسیب های جدی آنها را تهدید می نماید.
پرسش اصلی تحقیق این است که چگونه موزه های مجازی می توانند به عنوان نسخه پشتیبان موزه های حقیقی به حفاظت از بافته ها و بهبود روند مرمت یاری کنند؟ طراحی موزه مجازی بافته با چه چالش هایی در این خصوص روبرو است؟ نگارنده با بکارگیری روش پژوهش اکتشافی و تکنیک مصاحبه، داده ها را جمع آوری نمود. مشارکت کنندگان 5 عضو هیئت علمی، کارشناس و مرمت گر خبره پژوهشکده حفاظت و مرمت پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری بودند. بررسی مصاحبه های نشریات با مدیران موزه های حقیقی و مجموعه های تاریخی و فرهنگی بافته ها، مطالعه اسناد، مقالات، پایان نامه ها، گزارش های پژوهشی و کتب در خصوص آسیب شناسی موزه ها، بخش کتابخانه ای پژوهش را تشکیل می دهد.
نتایج نشان می دهند موزه های مجازی جانشین موزه های حقیقی نیستند ولی می توانند در صورت طراحی مناسب پیش بینی موارد ضروری، به عنوان بازوی یاری رسان، در ارتقاء شیوه های حفاظت از بافته ها و آموزش و انتقال تجارب به مرمت گران منسوجات بسیار موثر باشند، هم چنین موزه های دیجیتالی با ایجاد بانک های اطلاعاتی می توانند زمینه ساز آشنایی علاقمندان و پژوهشگران سراسر دنیا با حوزه بافته های ایران گردند. چالش های مهم، کاربرد فناوری های مدرن در طراحی موزه های مجازی مانند اسکنرهای چندبعدی، ابزارهای اندازه گیری بسیار دقیق، تصویربرداری 360 درجه ، برای تولید اطلاعات ضروری مرمت بافته مانند میزان ضخامت ، طرح، الگو و جهات تار و پود بافته است. به خدمت گرفتن فن آوری هایی مانند تشخیص سینگال رنگ ‌(Color Signals) و سنجش توزیع دمای رنگ، نوع مواد به کار رفته (گیاهی یا غیرگیاهی) در رنگرزی بافته در موزه های مجازی موجب افزایش سرعت عمل مرمت گران منسوجات در روند آسیب شناسی و اقدامات نجات بخشی بافته ها می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Virtual museums and textiles (Case study: The role of virtual museums in promoting the preservation and restoration of textiles)

نویسنده English

FARIDEH MAJIDI KHAMENEH
Anthropology Research Center. Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handy Craft Research Institute
چکیده English

Around the world, an important part of real museums and personal collections is dedicated to textiles. Due to their organic nature, these objects are very sensitive to damaging factors such as environmental conditions, biological factors, physical and chemical mechanisms, and storage methods. Removing these objects from storage, setting up exhibitions, forming workshops and training classes that directly expose the fabrics to various conditions are part of the possible dangers that threaten them. slow Unforeseen events such as the covid-19 pandemic, natural disasters, wars, etc., can cause the closure of museums for a long time, their destruction and the inventory of objects. The lack of access to historical and cultural monuments due to the distance and the difficulties of traveling to different areas are other aspects that delay or make it impossible to visit the treasures of textiles in real museums and private collections. to do Therefore, it is felt necessary to investigate the role of virtual museums in protecting, educating and familiarizing with the category of textiles.
The study method is a combination of qualitative, field and library study. Over the years, the author has traveled to different regions of the country for research in the field of local clothing and has directly observed different collections of textiles and examined their preservation methods. Interviews with restoration specialists and participating in workshops and round tables and benefiting from the opinions of researchers of the Research Institute for the Protection and Restoration of Historical-Cultural Artifacts regarding the damage that threatens textiles in museums and private collections. , constitutes an important part of the research. In this context, interviews were conducted with five members of the faculty, experts and expert restorers of historical and cultural works. Examining the opinions of managers of real museums and historical and cultural collections of textiles in publications, studying documents, articles, theses, research reports and books regarding the pathology of museums, the library section of the research constitutes
This research seeks to answer the question of whether virtual museums can help the process of protecting and teaching textiles as an educational arm and backup copy of real museums, and what challenges exist in this way.
Research results
Virtual museums are not substitutes for real museums, but if they are designed properly, they can be an effective solution as a helping hand in the protection of textiles, as well as in the field of education and familiarization with these historical works. and culturally play a significant role.

Around the world, an important part of real museums and personal collections is dedicated to textiles. Due to their organic nature, these objects are very sensitive to damaging factors such as environmental conditions, biological factors, physical and chemical mechanisms, and storage methods. Removing these objects from storage, setting up exhibitions, forming workshops and training classes that directly expose the fabrics to various conditions are part of the possible dangers that threaten them. slow Unforeseen events such as the covid-19 pandemic, natural disasters, wars, etc., can cause the closure of museums for a long time, their destruction and the inventory of objects. The lack of access to historical and cultural monuments due to the distance and the difficulties of traveling to different areas are other aspects that delay or make it impossible to visit the treasures of textiles in real museums and private collections. to do Therefore, it is felt necessary to investigate the role of virtual museums in protecting, educating and familiarizing with the category of textiles.
The study method is a combination of qualitative, field and library study. Over the years, the author has traveled to different regions of the country for research in the field of local clothing and has directly observed different collections of textiles and examined their preservation methods. Interviews with restoration specialists and participating in workshops and round tables and benefiting from the opinions of researchers of the Research Institute for the Protection and Restoration of Historical-Cultural Artifacts regarding the damage that threatens textiles in museums and private collections. , constitutes an important part of the research. In this context, interviews were conducted with five members of the faculty, experts and expert restorers of historical and cultural works. Examining the opinions of managers of real museums and historical and cultural collections of textiles in publications, studying documents, articles, theses, research reports and books regarding the pathology of museums, the library section of the research constitutes
This research seeks to answer the question of whether virtual museums can help the process of protecting and teaching textiles as an educational arm and backup copy of real museums, and what challenges exist in this way.
Research results
Virtual museums are not substitutes for real museums, but if they are designed properly, they can be an effective solution as a helping hand in the protection of textiles, as well as in the field of education and familiarization with these historical works. and culturally play a significant role.

research constitutes
This research seeks to answer the question of whether virtual museums can help the process of protecting and teaching textiles as an educational arm and backup copy of real museums, and what challenges exist in this way.
Research results
Virtual museums are not substitutes for real museums, but if they are designed properly, they can be an effective solution as a helping hand in the protection of textiles, as well as in the field of education and familiarization with these historical works. and culturally play a significant role.
Around the world, an important part of real museums and personal collections is dedicated to textiles. Due to their organic nature, these objects are very sensitive to damaging factors such as environmental conditions, biological factors, physical and chemical mechanisms, and storage methods. Removing these objects from storage, setting up exhibitions, forming workshops and training classes that directly expose the fabrics to various conditions are part of the possible dangers that threaten them. slow Unforeseen events such as the covid-19 pandemic, natural disasters, wars, etc., can cause the closure of museums for a long time, their destruction and the inventory of objects. The lack of access to historical and cultural monuments due to the distance and the difficulties of traveling to different areas are other aspects that delay or make it impossible to visit the treasures of textiles in real museums and private collections. to do Therefore, it is felt necessary to investigate the role of virtual museums in protecting, educating and familiarizing with the category of textiles.

Around the world, an important part of real museums and personal collections is dedicated to textiles. Due to their organic nature, these objects are very sensitive to damaging factors such as environmental conditions, biological factors, physical and chemical mechanisms, and storage methods. Removing these objects from storage, setting up exhibitions, forming workshops and training classes that directly expose the fabrics to various conditions are part of the possible dangers that threaten them. slow Unforeseen events such as the covid-19 pandemic, natural disasters, wars, etc., can cause the closure of museums for a long time, their destruction and the inventory of objects. The lack of access to historical and cultural monuments due to the distance and the difficulties of traveling to different areas are other aspects that delay

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Textiles
  • virtual museum
  • conservation
  • restoration
  • cultural heritage